Roth Conversion Calculator

🔄 TAX STRATEGY

Convert your traditional IRA to a Roth and pay tax now — or keep it and pay tax later? Enter your numbers to see which leaves more in your pocket.

Your numbers

Traditional IRA balanceAmount you'd convert ($)

Your tax rate if you convert nowYour current marginal bracket (%)

Your tax rate in retirementExpected bracket when withdrawing (%)

Years until you need the moneyHow long it keeps growing

Expected annual growthAverage yearly return (%)

After-tax value in 15 years

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Convert to Roth now

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Keep traditional IRA

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Difference

	Convert now	Keep traditional
Tax paid	–	–
When you pay it	Today	At withdrawal
Required withdrawals (RMDs)?	No	Yes, from 73

Assumes you pay the conversion tax from savings outside the IRA (the usual advice) and that tax rates stay as entered. Roth withdrawals are tax-free after age 59½ if the account is 5+ years old.

When does converting make sense?

Convert in low-income years — early retirement before Social Security and RMDs begin, a sabbatical, or any year your bracket dips. Don't convert at your peak earning years when the tax bill is biggest.

Conversions are irreversible and the tax is due that year. Big conversions can also bump you into a higher bracket or raise Medicare premiums (IRMAA).

Common questions

Can I convert only part of my IRA?

Yes — partial conversions are common. Many people convert just enough each year to "fill up" their current tax bracket.

Does a Roth have RMDs?

No — Roth IRAs have no required minimum distributions for the original owner, which is a big part of their appeal.

What is the 5-year rule?

Each conversion must season 5 years (and you must be 59½) for penalty-free access to the converted amount's earnings. Keep track of conversion dates.